Shin splints, medically called medial tibial stress syndrome, is pain along the shin bone caused by repetitive stress on the muscles, tendons, and bone tissue around it. It's an overuse issue that tends to build gradually, often after a sudden increase in mileage, intensity, or a change in running surface.
A sudden increase in running volume or intensity, worn-out shoes, or switching to harder running surfaces are common triggers. The shin bone and surrounding tissue simply get more repetitive stress than they've adapted to.
Shin splints usually cause a dull, spread-out ache along the shin, while a stress fracture tends to be a sharp, more localised pain at one specific spot. This is general education, not a diagnosis, so a doctor or physiotherapist should assess anything sharp, persistent, or worsening.
Reducing mileage, resting from impact, icing, and gradually reintroducing running are common general steps. Persistent or severe pain should be checked by a doctor or physiotherapist rather than managed on your own.
Mild cases can improve within a couple of weeks of reduced load, while more stubborn cases take longer and need a more gradual return. Rushing back too soon is a common reason they recur.
Increase weekly mileage gradually, replace worn shoes, and mix in some softer running surfaces where possible. Building calf and shin strength over time also helps tissue handle the load.